Jonathan Haidt, social psychologist and author of The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Is Causing an Epidemic of Mental Illness, offers a chilling analysis of how social media reshapes the mental and emotional worlds of young people. Platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and Reddit, he argues, magnify feelings of inadequacy and anger, particularly among young men – a demographic increasingly drawn into the online incel (involuntarily celibate) subculture.
Incels, young men frustrated by their lack of romantic and sexual success, gather in online communities where misogyny and nihilism fester. Haidt’s work reveals how these platforms, designed to amplify polarizing content and encourage tribalism, foster a collective victim mentality. Incel forums, he notes, validate resentment, fueling a toxic cycle of blame and self-pity. Over time, the isolation bred by these echo chambers solidifies their radical ideologies, creating fertile ground for dangerous movements like the nihilistic “black-pill” philosophy.
Haidt also points to evolutionary psychology to explain how social media taps into young men’s instincts for competition and conquest. Platforms flood users with hyper-sexualized imagery, gaming rewards, and curated lifestyles, creating a distorted reality that leaves many feeling perpetually inadequate. For incels, these digital illusions exacerbate bitterness, reinforcing their belief that modern dating is “rigged” against them.
Social media’s most insidious effect, Haidt warns, is its relentless culture of comparison. The curated lives of influencers amplify feelings of inadequacy, particularly for those already struggling with self-esteem. This, coupled with social media’s replacement of real-world interactions, deepens isolation and accelerates mental health crises. Haidt describes social media as a “magnifier of human vulnerability,” preying on insecurities and rewarding divisive behavior. For some incels, this descent into despair has culminated in acts of violence, with several high-profile attacks linked to individuals immersed in these toxic communities.

In response to the growing mental health crisis among youth, Australia has taken a bold step: banning social media for individuals under 16. Scheduled to take effect in 2025, the law imposes strict age verification requirements on tech companies, with fines reaching A$49.9 million for violations. Though challenges remain – such as the potential misuse of software to bypass restrictions – Australia’s move signals a growing global recognition of the harm social media inflicts on adolescents.
Haidt’s research underscores the urgency of such reforms. Early and unregulated exposure to social media, he argues, exacerbates anxiety, depression, and social isolation, leaving young people vulnerable to radical ideologies and diminished well-being. Australia’s legislation reflects an attempt to push tech companies toward greater accountability and promote a healthier digital landscape for children.
The rise of the incel phenomenon is not just about misogyny or radicalization; it’s a window into a generation’s broader struggle for connection and purpose in the age of social media. Haidt warns that without systemic change – such as fostering healthier masculinity, reducing online polarization, and regulating tech platforms – society risks losing a generation to the algorithms of despair. Australia’s bold experiment may well serve as a blueprint for addressing these deep-seated issues on a global scale.



