My Love Affair with the Northumbrian Smallpipes

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I want to share my love of Northumbrian smallpipes with you. Yes, it is partly because I was born and raised in that part of the world, but I have always been a huge fan of the folk music and instruments of the British Isles.  In my late teen/early twenties, I was a member of an electric folk band called ‘Pastime with Good Company’ playing a variety of the ‘fill’ instruments such as mandolin, crumhorn, and bodhran, along with the odd backing vocals. We were paid in beer for the first year or two, and it was just great fun seeing the same friendly faces at the Blackbird, the King’s Arms or a Working Men’s club. 

The Northumbrian smallpipes are a traditional folk instrument from Northeast England with a rich and varied history. These small pipes are known for their sweet, melodious sound, and are distinguished by their closed-finger holes, allowing for a staccato playing style unique among bagpipes.

Dating back to the 17th century, their evolution was heavily influenced by various cultural and musical trends over the centuries. The modern version, with its distinctive closed chanter and keyed system, emerged in the early 19th century, thanks to innovations by pipemakers such as John Dunn and Robert Reid.

Throughout its history, the Northumbrian piping tradition has been shaped by many notable musicians. One key figure is Billy Pigg (1902-1968), renowned for his virtuosic playing and composition. Pigg’s influence on the Northumbrian piping repertoire is profound, with many of his compositions still widely played today. He was a central figure in reviving interest in the instrument during the mid-20th century, often performing at folk festivals and on radio broadcasts.

Another significant figure is Richard Butler, an old work colleague and friend, who served as the Duke of Northumberland’s Piper for four decades until his death in 2022. I remember watching and listening to Richard practice most lunchtimes, while I munched on my date and cream cheese stottie, drinking tea from one of the lab’s old enamel mugs. Butler was an esteemed piper and educator, known for his deep knowledge of the instrument and his contributions to Northumbrian music. He played at many high-profile events, including performances for British royalty, as well as producing educational materials for the pipes, ensuring the tradition’s continuation through his teaching and published works. 

The history of the Northumbrian smallpipes is marked by the role of ducal piper at Alnwick Castle. This tradition dates back to the 18th century, with pipers playing at various ceremonial and public functions. Notable past pipers, before Richard, include William Green and Tom Clough, both of whom made significant contributions to the repertoire and technique of Northumbrian piping. Andrew Davison is the current official Piper to His Grace the Duke of Northumberland, and Chairman of the Northumbrian Pipers’ Society.

Kathryn Tickell, a modern-day ambassador of the Northumbrian smallpipes, has further elevated the instrument’s profile. Born in 1967, Tickell learned to play from her family and local pipers. Her career has seen her perform internationally, collaborate with various artists, and release numerous acclaimed albums. Tickell’s contributions have been pivotal in bringing the Northumbrian pipes to new audiences and ensuring their ongoing relevance in contemporary music. Her work with Sting and Jon Lord has always been favourites of mine, but it’s her ability to blend the pipes with more modern instruments and the human voice that pleases me the most.

The Northumbrian smallpipes continue to build their storied history, enriched by the contributions of many talented musicians including Ian Gelston, Alice Robinson, and Andrew Lawrenson. From the early pipers who developed the instrument to modern virtuosos like Kathryn Tickell, the tradition continues to thrive, bridging the past with the present. Richard Butler’s legacy exemplifies the dedication required to preserve and advance this unique musical tradition.

When I get a moment, I will update this post with links to some of my favourite pieces.

Assigning Ontarians a Primary Healthcare Provider is a Win-Win

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When writing my blog posts, I don’t normally take on a single person’s point of view, rather I do my research, and integrate it with my own thoughts, laying out a structured argument. In this case, I however I find myself significantly aligned with an experienced, medical academic, and politician. 

Dr. Jane Philpott, Dean of Medicine at Queen’s University, and a former federal Minister of Health, has been an advocate for innovative solutions to improve healthcare accessibility and continuity. Her thinking aligns well with the concept of automatically assigning primary care providers, as she has highlighted the urgent need for systemic reforms to address Canada’s primary care shortages and patient access issues. Just as the system automatically assigns schools for our kids when we move, or as they age, we need to assign a primary care provider to each family member. Dr. Philpott has emphasized the critical role of primary care in managing population health and preventing unnecessary use of emergency services, noting that consistent access to primary healthcare can significantly reduce healthcare costs and improve outcomes across communities.

Philpott has been vocal about the necessity of rethinking how healthcare services are delivered and organized, especially given the increasing number of Ontarians without a primary care physician. She has stressed that to meet rising demands, Canada needs to adopt more accessible, team-based approaches and integrate technology more effectively to bridge gaps in care. An automatic assignment system could serve as an important structural change to support the patient-centred and accessible healthcare system she envisions. For instance, automatic assignment, combined with integrated electronic health records, could streamline access to primary care by matching patients with physicians who can access their medical histories immediately.

Philpott’s support for interprofessional healthcare teams also enhances the feasibility of an automatic assignment model. She has argued that Ontario should move away from the traditional, individual-doctor model towards team-based care where primary physicians work in collaboration with nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and mental health professionals. Such teams could accommodate the additional patient load an assignment system might create, ensuring new residents receive timely and comprehensive care.

Dr. Philpott’s insights underscore that for Ontario to effectively manage an automatic assignment system, the government would need to address physician shortages and create incentives for healthcare professionals to practice in underserved areas. This, paired with increased support for virtual healthcare, could mitigate the challenges posed by Ontario’s geographic diversity and high urban-rural patient disparity. Embracing such reforms, as Philpott suggests, would reflect a proactive step toward equitable healthcare access in Ontario and a sustainable solution to the primary care crisis.

Sources:
CBC News, (2023). “Canada’s Family Doctor Shortage: How Did We Get Here?”
Queen’s University, (2022). “Rethinking Primary Care: Team-Based Solutions for Canada’s Health System,” Philpott, Jane.
CMAJ, (2022). “The Role of Primary Care in Canada’s Health System,” Thorpe, Kevin.

Dr. Phlox – The Polyamorous, Nuanced, Enterprising Physician

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In my humble opinion, Dr. Phlox from Star Trek: Enterprise is one of the greatest characters in the Star Trek franchise due to his unique perspective, compassionate nature, and nuanced approach to ethics and culture. As a Denobulan, Phlox’s background adds richness to the series, offering insights into alien cultures while serving as a mirror for humanity’s struggles and growth.

Phlox’s unflinching optimism and humour are essential in balancing the darker, more perilous tone of Enterprise. In “Dear Doctor,” his moral dilemma about whether to cure a pre-warp civilization’s genetic condition highlights his deep commitment to the principles of non-interference, even at great personal cost. His reasoning forces Captain Archer and the audience to grapple with the complexities of the Prime Directive, even before it was formally established.

In “Doctor’s Orders,” Phlox’s resilience and ingenuity shine as he singlehandedly pilots the Enterprise through a dangerous region of space. The episode showcases his resourcefulness and unyielding commitment to his crewmates, even when isolation and stress threaten his sanity.

Phlox’s open-mindedness about relationships and culture provides a refreshing counterpoint to the often-rigid human norms. His polyamorous family life, discussed in episodes like “Stigma,” challenges human biases and promotes acceptance, underscoring the franchise’s core values of diversity and understanding.

Dr. Phlox embodies compassion, intellect, and moral courage, qualities that resonate with Star Trek’s aspirational vision of the future. His distinctive personality and profound contributions to Enterprise make him a standout character in the Star Trek universe.

We Need A Hard Keyboard iPhone 

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Confession time – I love my Apple products. The smooth integration of data across devices, and the consistency of the user interface offsets the small number of negatives for me, such as the fixed memory size, yet I still miss my BlackBerry’s hard keyboard.  Even today, with all the capabilities available, I tend to use my phone for messaging and transactions, while my tablet is for content creation and consumption.

The success of BlackBerry in the early 2000s demonstrated the appeal of a mobile phone with a hard keyboard. At that time, BlackBerry dominated the business and professional markets, not to mention the U.S. Congress, partly because its physical keyboard provided users with unparalleled accuracy, along with its encrypted messaging via dedicated servers. 

There was a time when I used two BlackBerrys, one on each hip, a personal unit and a client phone sitting in their hard shell holsters, and I truly miss the feel of the keys rocking under my thumbs, so I wonder whether it’s time to bring a physical keyboard back? 

Like many iPhone users, I have not really been impressed with yearly upgrades in the cameras, or a slightly faster CPU, although I do welcome the USB type C connector. I have seen the new ‘Clicks’ protection cases with integrated hard keyboard, selling for around $150, and I have yet to meet anyone who is using them. I feel the Clicks design, while a novel concept, makes the phone too long and unbalanced.

With BlackBerry long gone from the smartphone market, and I don’t count the current Indian knock offs as they only support 3G, Apple has an opportunity to fill this void by introducing an iPhone with a hard keyboard in 2025.

Such a move would not only appeal to former BlackBerry users, who value the productivity benefits of a physical keyboard, but also to professionals, older users, and those with accessibility needs. Apple’s design expertise could transform the concept while enhancing its functionality. By tapping into this market, Apple could differentiate itself from its competitors and offer a product that caters to an underserved client base.

I, for one, will be putting my hand into my pocket for a future hard keyboard iPhone! 

Let’s Merge Canada Post into Service Canada to Provide Integrated Essential Services to Non-Urban Communities

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With the future of Canada Post in danger, perhaps its time for some out of the box thinking? While inner city folk have a multitude of options for parcel and regular mail delivery, due to the high density of their population, there are many Canadian communities that exclusively rely on the services of the federal agency for both business and personal mail and parcel delivery. While it is clear that the status quo will no longer work for Canada Post, there is still a strong requirement to provide programs and services to Canadians, so instead of franchising, in an effort to streamline and lower costs, lets go big!

Establishing a Service Canada/Canada Post location in every rural, northern, and remote community would bring critical services closer to Canadians who currently often face challenges accessing them. Such an initiative would not only address long-standing gaps in financial, postal, and government service delivery, but also strengthen ties across the nation, reduce inequities, while leveraging the expanding digital infrastructure to provide accessible, timely citizen support and services. 

Canada’s vast geography often creates a sense of isolation for rural and remote communities, both physically and economically. Establishing local hubs for essential services would help foster a greater sense of inclusion by ensuring these communities are more connected to the rest of the country. By providing access to programs such as passports, employment insurance, and pension benefits, Service Canada/Canada Post outlets could act as bridges between remote areas and the national economy. Additionally, these centres could serve as venues for local engagement and civic participation, reinforcing Canada’s commitment to serving all its citizens, regardless of location.

The absence of adequate banking services in rural and remote areas creates significant inequities. Residents are often forced to rely on payday lenders or travel long distances to access financial services. I know that the only bank branch in my local village closed a few years ago during the pandemic, and now locals have a 20 or 30 minute drive to the nearest branches. Introducing postal banking through this new merged agency would provide an affordable alternative, allowing residents to manage their finances locally. Many other G7 countries offer financial services via postal outlets, especially in non-urban communities. Similarly, access to Service Canada programs—such as Employment Insurance and social assistance—without leaving the community would ensure more equitable access to resources that urban Canadians often take for granted.

These hubs could provide tailored services to Indigenous communities, many of which are in remote areas. A culturally sensitive approach to service delivery could address historical gaps and help foster reconciliation by ensuring Indigenous peoples have equitable access to essential resources.

Although digital technology has transformed service delivery across Canada, many rural and remote areas lack reliable internet infrastructure, making it difficult to access online services. New federal service outlets could serve as hybrid digital and in-person centres, enabling face-to-face interactions for complex needs while providing access to online resources for others. For example, trained staff could assist residents in navigating digital platforms for government programs or applying for financial products.

Additionally, these centres could act as technology hubs by offering internet access, video conferencing facilities, and digital literacy training. This would allow residents to connect with government representatives or other professionals in urban centres without leaving their communities, reducing costs and logistical barriers. They would also support the federal government’s goal of reducing emissions, as residents would no longer need to travel long distances for basic services.

Beyond providing essential services, these hubs would stimulate local economies by creating jobs and supporting entrepreneurship. For example, reliable postal services would make it easier for local businesses to engage in e-commerce, shipping goods to larger markets and sourcing supplies at lower costs. Similarly, residents could order essential items online, knowing they could rely on consistent delivery services.

While I am the first to criticize Canada Post’s senior management, and their lack of focus, the establishment of Service Canada/Canada Post locations in rural, northern, and remote communities is a visionary step toward creating a more inclusive, connected, and equitable Canada. Back in the early 2000s these two agencies tried to promote the idea that they should be the face of the federal government for all citizens-focused services. I attended a large meeting at Canada Post HQ where it was argued that Canadians needed a single service portal, and that traditionally these agencies were already known to citizens. Twenty years ago, federal departments were just becoming familiar with the Web as an online service platform and weren’t ready to give up their individual brands, but perhaps it’s time to rethink this position and consider a merged, single agency,

Finally, I feel that the new agency should be called Service Canada. This name falls in line with provincial thinking and it’s time to let go of the Canada Post brand and recognize a larger, integrated approach to providing Canadian with the services and programs that they need.

We need to Implement Personal Online Data Stores (PODS)

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At some level, most of us worry about our personal information being collected, sold, and used by big businesses and other players. We have all heard that “if the app is free then we are the product”. So, what can be done to improve the situation?

Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, has envisioned a transformative shift in the way individuals manage and share their personal data through a decentralized web, embodied by his Solid project. A key component of this initiative is the concept of a “digital wallet.” Unlike conventional digital wallets focused solely on financial transactions, Berners-Lee’s vision extends far beyond, providing a secure and efficient means for individuals to control their personal data and online identity.

In Berners-Lee’s model, users store their personal information in PODS (personal online data stores) rather than dispersing it across multiple platforms owned by corporations. This digital wallet consolidates all types of data; such as identity documents, health records, financial information, and browsing histories under the user’s control. The wallet enables selective data sharing, meaning users can provide only the specific information required for a transaction or interaction. For instance, to verify their age for purchasing alcohol, users can confirm their eligibility without revealing unrelated personal details like their home address or full birthdate.

The benefits of this concept are both practical and revolutionary. First and foremost, it significantly enhances privacy. In today’s internet landscape, users often have little choice but to share large amounts of personal data with third parties, leaving them vulnerable to misuse. By giving individuals the ability to control which data are shared, and with whom, Berners-Lee’s digital wallet mitigates unnecessary exposure, and limits the risks associated with data misuse or exploitation.

Second, it reduces the likelihood and impact of data breaches. Currently, large corporations store vast amounts of user data in centralized servers, making them attractive targets for hackers. Decentralizing data storage and empowering individuals to maintain their own data reduces the likelihood of massive breaches, as there is no single repository for hackers to target. This shift also aligns with increasing public concern over cybersecurity and data protection.

Another advantage lies in fostering competition and innovation in the digital economy. Today, tech giants often lock users into proprietary ecosystems, making it difficult to switch services without losing access to valuable data. A decentralized approach, with data stored in user-controlled wallets, eliminates these barriers. Users can easily move between competing platforms while retaining full access to their information, encouraging fair competition and reducing monopolistic control.

The PODS concept also empowers individuals to monetize their data, should they choose to share it. Users can negotiate directly with companies or researchers for specific data-sharing agreements, ensuring transparency and potentially earning compensation for their contributions. This represents a fundamental shift from the current model, where corporations profit from user data without adequately compensating the individuals whose information they exploit.

Ultimately, Berners-Lee’s digital wallet aligns with his broader mission to decentralize the web and return agency to its users. By prioritizing privacy, security, and user empowerment, this concept challenges the existing power dynamics of the internet, offering a blueprint for a fairer and more equitable digital landscape. If widely adopted, it could revolutionize how people manage their digital identities and interact online, fostering trust, innovation, and a renewed sense of autonomy in the digital age.

Now just how we get Big Tech to hand back our data, when it’s currently a major source of revenue, I have no idea, but it’s going to take significant political will. Belgium is currently exploring a healthcare data initiative with 7 million citizens using the PODS model, along with primary care providers and hospitals.  Perhaps we may just have to accept that our data to date is lost in the ether, but moving forward with our next generations, a decentralized web will bring more personal privacy and autonomy? 

NUFC Needs A New Stadium Complex

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For all true Geordies, there is only one sports team that holds a place in our hearts. Newcastle United is an integral part of the region’s identity, as is the stadium St James’ Park, home to the team since 1892, yet SJP is constrained by its urban location, surrounded by Leazes Terrace, roads, and nearby developments. While SJP holds huge sentimental value for the club, the city and the fans, perhaps it’s time to consider developing a new stadium complex in a less restricted area of the city?

While upgrading St James’ Park might seem like a cheaper option, retrofitting an older structure can often become a costly and prolonged endeavour. Unforeseen complications in renovation projects frequently inflate budgets beyond initial estimates.

Conversely, a new stadium, although more expensive initially, would be designed with modern construction techniques that ensure cost predictability, energy efficiency, and future adaptability. Additionally, a state-of-the-art facility could significantly boost the local economy by attracting major events like concerts, international matches, and other large-scale events that St James’ Park cannot readily accommodate.

With Newcastle United’s ambitious ownership and growing status in the Premier League, the club will need facilities that reflect its aspirations. A new stadium with a capacity of 70,000, even 80,000 plus, could match or exceed competitors like Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City in terms of matchday revenue, sponsorship opportunities, and global visibility.

A brownfield site near the River Tyne presents a compelling option for Newcastle United’s new stadium complex. Its unique location and redevelopment potential make it an attractive alternative to expanding St James’ Park. The site’s proximity to the River Tyne places it within reach of Newcastle’s city centre, ensuring the new stadium remains a core part of the city’s identity. Excellent transport links, including nearby Metro stations, bus routes, and road infrastructure, would allow fans easy access while avoiding the current congestion challenges of St James’ Park.

The redevelopment of a brownfield site aligns with urban planning principles of repurposing underutilized land rather than consuming greenfield areas, minimizing environmental disruption. The larger area could also accommodate additional amenities, such as a dedicated fan zone, expansive parking, and training facilities, turning the stadium into a multifunctional venue for year-round events. The new stadium could incorporate features like solar panels, green roofs, and rainwater harvesting systems, reducing its environmental footprint. The proximity to the River Tyne also presents opportunities for innovative eco-design, such as utilizing the river for heating and cooling systems through heat pump technology.

A stadium beside the River Tyne would give Newcastle United a visually striking and iconic location. The riverside view could become a signature image for the club, much like Anfield’s Shankly Gates or the view of the Thames from Fulham’s Craven Cottage.

While St James’ Park holds sentimental value for Newcastle fans, the limitations imposed by its location, age, and structure suggest that a new stadium would better serve the club’s aspirations and fans’ needs. It is an opportunity to honor Newcastle United’s history while embracing a bold, modern vision for its future.

Sources
Brownfield Regeneration UK (2023). “Case Studies in Urban Redevelopment.”
Newcastle Chronicle (2024). “Potential Sites for Newcastle United’s New Stadium.”
The Guardian (2022). “Stadiums as Catalysts for Urban Growth.”
Environment Agency (2023). “Managing Flood Risks in Riverside Developments.”
The Athletic (2024). “Newcastle United’s Long-Term Stadium Plans.”
Smith, J. (2023). “Stadium Expansion vs. New Build: Challenges for Premier League Clubs.” Football Architecture Journal.
Jones, R. (2022). “Economic Impacts of Modern Football Stadiums on Urban Development.” Sports Economics Quarterly.
Newcastle Chronicle (2024). “Why St James’ Park Expansion Is Almost Impossible.”

The Pros and Cons of Rural High-Speed Internet

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November 2024 sees the installation of high-speed fibre internet at the farm. It wasn’t the advertised “simply plug and play” because it never is for a rural property, but we final got there after they realized they still had to hang the fiber along my rural road. As much as I love supporting local businesses, my current ISP has stated on multiple occasions that they have no intention of upgrading my network node. At half the monthly cost of the current line-of-site connection, and literally 150 times faster with unlimited usage, the choice to switch to a “no contract” special offer by one of the big telecoms was a no brainer.

The long-awaited surge of high-speed internet into rural Ontario is poised to change the socio-economic dynamics of these communities. For years, rural areas have lagged behind urban centers in digital connectivity, with the slow or unreliable internet often acting as a barrier to growth. The introduction of high-speed internet marks a shift, bridging the digital divide that has left so many rural residents, and businesses feeling isolated from modern opportunities.

For families, high-speed internet means improved access to online education, healthcare, and government services that are increasingly reliant on a robust digital infrastructure. Students who once struggled with spotty connections for virtual learning can now participate more fully in the digital classroom. Telehealth, a growing need in rural areas where healthcare access can be limited, will become more feasible, offering faster, more reliable consultations with healthcare providers.

Economically, this new connectivity can be transformative. Local businesses, particularly in agriculture and tourism, stand to benefit from streamlined operations, easier access to markets, and the potential to attract remote workers or digital entrepreneurs looking for affordable, peaceful living conditions. Rural Ontario’s ability to compete in a digital-first economy will get a significant boost, encouraging innovation and investment. The North Grenville Mayor Nancy Pickford has proposed that the Kemptville Campus should become an off-site work location for federal employees, while voicing concerning about the Ottawa “back to office work” mandate that would negatively impact the Township’s growing economy. The newly installed fibre in the rural township will enable Pickford’s vision to possibly keep those citizens working and shopping locally.

There are some who feel that the arrival of high-speed internet raises questions about the preservation of rural life. While connectivity opens doors, it may also accelerate the urbanization of these communities, changing the slow-paced, close-knit nature that defines rural living. Local towns and villages, here in eastern Ontario, are expanding rapidly with new suburban-style housing, in part because of the improved infrastructure, including high-speed internet. As rural Ontario embraces the digital world, it must also find a way to balance progress with its traditional values.

Update – Seems the ISP didn’t connect the farm to the correct junction box, and so now I am getting polite messages suggesting I finalize the self-installation process, even though the connection is currently up and running. The technician said he was going to deal with the issue, and so let’s see what happens.

Final Update – All is working perfectly. Apparently because the farm was connected to the wrong box the network assumed I had two hub connections, not just the one I was contracted for, and there was some interference happening. The ISP customer support reset a few switches, and all is now working as it should be. Having 1,500 Mbps instead of 10 Mbps is eye opening.

Are We Done With Daylight Savings?

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Ah, Daylight Savings Time. Twice a year, like clockwork (pun intended), we engage in a tradition as baffling as trying to teach a cat algebra. “Spring forward, fall back!” they chant, as if repeating it somehow makes the madness logical. It’s like someone thought, “Let’s just confuse everyone and ruin a perfectly good sleep schedule. Twice a year.” Brilliant idea.

We stumble out of bed, fumbling with microwaves and car dashboards, muttering, “Is it really 7 a.m., or fake 7 a.m.?” Because let’s be honest, no one remembers to change the clock on the microwave, so we spend six months living in a Schrödinger’s Time Zone.

And why? Once upon a time, it was about saving candles or coal or something. Today, it’s just a high-tech version of the same headache, except now we’ve got to remember to reset not only the microwave, but our smart fridges, thermostats, and Fitbits too. And don’t get me started on pets. Try explaining to your cats why dinner’s an hour late just because of “the government.” Then there’s the collective brain fog as we adjust. Studies even show heart attacks and car accidents spike right after the change—so much for saving lives.

My Love for Indian Sub-Continent Cuisine

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Last week, I discovered a new curry house in the Ottawa suburbs where the food is extraordinary with its unique blend of spices, and its offerings of Indo-Chinese cuisine. My experience at Rang De Indian on Terry Fox Dr reminded me so much of another curry-based phenomenon from my past.

Balti curries, a beloved British dish, trace their origins to Birmingham in the 1970s. Though the word balti comes from the Urdu word for “bucket” or “pot,” referring to the round, flat-bottomed steel dish in which the curry is traditionally cooked and served, it wasn’t directly imported from the Indian subcontinent. Instead, balti was born out of culinary innovation by Pakistani and Bangladeshi immigrants who combined their traditional cooking methods with British ingredients and tastes.

As an undergrad Earth Sciences student in Birmingham during the 1980s, going for “a balti” on a Saturday night after few beers might just have been the highlight of the month. The hallmark of a balti curry is its quick cooking time over high heat, often with marinated meats, vegetables, and a spice mix of cumin, coriander, turmeric, and ginger. Everything is prepared in the same dish, intensifying the flavors. What sets it apart even more is the way it’s eaten; served with naan rather than rice, making the experience more communal and tactile, as diners scoop up the rich sauce directly from the cooking pot with the bread.

During my time at Aston, Birmingham’s Balti Triangle was the epicenter of this culinary explosion. Famous restaurants like Adil’s, often credited as the first Balti house, Shababs, and Imran’s became go-to spots for anyone seeking this aromatic, flavorful dish. These restaurants were pioneers, turning balti into a British institution. The unpretentious, communal style of eating and the vibrant, spice-laden dishes quickly captured the hearts of locals and students alike.

While balti curries have spread far beyond the West Midlands, I have fond memories of a uniquely British take on curry, which continues to thrive in UK food culture. With this latest discovery, I now have yet another opportunity to explore the sub-continent cuisine, right here in Ottawa.